39 units of electrophysiological and behavioral recordings were obtained from a total of 8 human subjects aged 46 to 66 years old with Parkinson's disease who were undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes. The study examined neural activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in a series of trials that prompted single-step and multistep reaching movements. A stereoscopic camera recorded...

This dataset showed that mitovesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of mitochondrial origin, are altered in Down syndrome (DS). Mitochondrial dysfunction is a distinctive feature of aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as DS and Alzheimer’s disease. For this study, a high-resolution density gradient separation of EVs isolated from murine and human DS and diploid control brains was used. Using...

The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) began in 2004 as longitudinal multicenter study to identify clinical, imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers for the detection and tracking of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Participants are recruited from and followed at 59 research sites in the United States and Canada. ADNI1 enrolled 400 subjects who were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment...

The National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) was created in 1999 to facilitate research with data collected from Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) across the United States. NACC oversees data collection and sharing for a number of datasets. The Uniform Data Set (UDS) contains longitudinal and standardized data collected from ADRCs since 2005. ADRC enrollment protocols vary and...

Lysosomal dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In early onset of AD, there is loss of Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) function. The loss of PSEN1 function impedes ER to lysosome delivery of chloride channel-7 (ClC-7). In murine blastocysts with different PSEN1 genotypes, isoproterenol and related β2-adrenergic agonists was used to reverse lysosomal...

Down syndrome (DS) is linked with mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in accumulation of damaged mitochondria. This study revealed that mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy activated to clear damaged mitochondria, is deficient in primary human fibroblasts derived from individuals with DS. This leads to accumulation of damaged mitochondria with consequent increases in oxidative stress. They...

Lysosomal failure plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many congenital neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). This study showed that lysosomal dysfunction in DS requires the extra gene copy of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is specifically mediated by the β cleaved carboxy terminal fragment of APP (APP-βCTF). In primary fibroblasts from...

To investigate whether acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with (1) amyloidogenic, aggregation‐prone forms of αSyn in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), (2) signature of pathogenic changes, and (3) future risk for frank synucleinopathy, the research team compared CSF biomarkers obtained through lumbar puncture for the evaluation of neurologic symptoms from 12 adult patients hospitalized at NYU Langone...

To investigate the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems and neural specificity in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients, the research team recruited 40 patients with glaucoma (14 with early glaucoma and 16 with advanced glaucoma) and 24 age-matched healthy subjects to undergo clinical ophthalmic exams and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fixation tasks. Researchers obtained the following data: Structural...

To test a low-cost system for obtaining continuous quantitative measurements of movements of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), investigators attached accelerometers to the upper and lower extremities of twenty patients with Parkinson’s disease, one patient with multiple system atrophy (MSA) (participant 4), and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) who performed twelve tasks modified...